English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Oaks ( Quercus ) comprise more than 400 species worldwide and centres of diversity for most sections lie in the Americas and East/Southeast Asia. The only exception is the Eurasian sect.  Cerris  that comprises about 15 species, most of which are confined to western Eurasia. This section has not been comprehensively studied using molecular tools. Here, we assess species diversity and provide a first comprehensive taxonomic and phylogeographic scheme of western Eurasian members of sect.  Cerris  using plastid ( trnH-psbA ) and nuclear (5S-IGS) DNA variation with a dense intra-specific and geographic sampling. Chloroplast haplotypes primarily reflected phylogeographic patterns originating from interspecific cytoplasmic gene flow within sect.  Cerris  and its sister section  Ilex . We identified two widespread and ancestral haplotypes, and locally restricted derived variants. Signatures shared with Mediterranean species of sect.  Ilex , but not with the East Asian  Cerris  oaks ,  suggest that the western Eurasian lineage came into contact with  Ilex  only after the first (early Oligocene) members of sect.  Cerris  in Northeast Asia had begun to radiate and move westwards. Nuclear 5S-IGS diversification patterns were more useful for establishing a molecular-taxonomic framework and to reveal hybridization and reticulation. Four main evolutionary lineages were identified. The first lineage is comprised of  Q. libani ,  Q. trojana  and  Q. afares  and appears to be closest to the root of sect.  Cerris . These taxa are morphologically most similar to the East Asian species of  Cerris , and to both Oligocene and Miocene fossils of East Asia and Miocene fossils of western Eurasia. The second lineage is mainly composed of the widespread  Q. cerris  and the narrow endemic species  Q. castaneifolia, Q. look , and  Q. euboica . The third lineage comprises three Near East species ( Q. brantii ,  Q. ithaburensis  and  Q. macrolepis ), well adapted to continental climates with cold winters. The forth lineage appears to be the most derived and comprises  Q. suber  and  Q. crenata .  Q. cerris  and  Q.  trojana  displayed high levels of variation;  Q. macrolepis  and  Q. euboica,  previously treated as subspecies of  Q. ithaburensis  and  Q. trojana,  likely deserve independent species status. A trend towards inter-specific crosses was detected in several taxa; however, we found no clear evidence of a hybrid origin of  Q .  afares  and  Q. crenata , as currently assumed.

Comparative systematics and phylogeography ofQuercusSectionCerrisin western Eurasia: inferences from plastid and nuclear DNA variation