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Moso bamboo has large potential to alleviate global warming through carbon sequestration. Since soil respiration ( R   s  ) is a major source of CO 2  emissions, we analyzed the dynamics of soil respiration ( R   s  ) and its relation to environmental factors in a Moso bamboo ( Phllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens ) forest to identify the relative importance of biotic and abiotic drivers of respiration. Annual average  R   s   was 44.07 t CO 2  ha −1  a −1 .  R   s   correlated significantly with soil temperature ( P  < 0.01), which explained 69.7% of the variation in  R   s   at a diurnal scale. Soil moisture was correlated significantly with  R   s   on a daily scale except not during winter, indicating it affected  R   s  . A model including both soil temperature and soil moisture explained 93.6% of seasonal variations in  R   s  . The relationship between  R   s   and soil temperature during a day showed a clear hysteresis.  R   s   was significantly and positively ( P  < 0.01) related to gross ecosystem productivity and leaf area index, demonstrating the significance of biotic factors as crucial drivers of  R   s  .

Soil respiration of a Moso bamboo forest significantly affected by gross ecosystem productivity and leaf area index in an extreme drought event