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The microsporidian  Nosema bombycis  is an obligate intracellular parasite of  Bombyx mori , that lost its intact tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondria during evolution but retained its intact glycolysis pathway.  N. bombycis  hexokinase (NbHK) is not only a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis but also a secretory protein. Indirect immunofluorescence assays and recombinant HK overexpressed in BmN cells showed that NbHK localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of host cell during the meront stage. When  N. bombycis  matured, NbHK tended to concentrate at the nuclei of host cells. Furthermore, the transcriptional profile of  NbHK  implied it functioned during  N. bombycis’  proliferation stages. A knock-down of  NbHK  effectively suppressed the proliferation of  N. bombycis  indicating that NbHK is an important protein for parasite to control its host.

A secretory hexokinase plays an active role in the proliferation of Nosema bombycis