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The aim of this study was to select the most suitable reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of spotted sea bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus ), an important commercial marine fish in Pacific Asia, under normal physiological and salinity stress conditions. A total of 9 candidate reference genes ( HPRT ,  GAPDH ,  EF1A ,  TUBA ,  RPL7 ,  RNAPol II ,  B2M ,  ACTB  and  18S rRNA ) were analyzed by qRT-PCR in 10 tissues (intestine, muscle, stomach, brain, heart, liver, gill, kidney, pectoral fins and spleen) of  L. maculatus . Four algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative ΔCt method, were used to evaluate the expression stability of the candidate reference genes. The results showed the  18S rRNA  was most stable in different tissues under normal conditions. During salinity stress,  RPL7  was the most stable gene according to overall ranking and the best combination of reference genes was  RPL7  and  RNAPol II . In contrast,  GAPDH  was the least stable gene which was not suitable as reference genes. The study showed that different algorithms might generate inconsistent results. Therefore, the combination of several reference genes should be selected to accurately calibrate system errors. The present study was the first to select reference genes of  L. maculatus  by qRT-PCR and provides a useful basis for selecting the appropriate reference gene in  L. maculatus . The present study also has important implications for gene expression and functional genomics research in this species or other teleost species.

peerj

Evaluation of potential reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR analysis in spotted sea bass (<i>Lateolabrax maculatus</i>) under normal and salinity stress conditions

Evaluation of potential reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR analysis in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) under normal and salinity stress conditions