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The invasive Asian shore crab,  Hemigrapsus sanguineus , is ubiquitous in the rocky intertidal zone of the western North Atlantic. A likely contributor to this colonization is that  H. sanguineus  is able to handle a wide range of salinities, and is thus more likely to spread through a greater geographic area of estuaries. This study investigated the salinity effects on this animal by observing survival across a range of salinities, the maintenance of hemolymph osmolality under different salinities, and behavioral preference for and avoidance of salinities.  H. sanguineus  showed high survival across a broad range of salinities, had little change in hemolymph osmolality over a short-term salinity shock, and behaviorally distinguished between salinities when presented with a choice, under both acclimation salinities of 5 PSU or 35 PSU. Such results suggest  H. sanguineus  has a hardiness for the rapid changes in salinity that happen in the intertidal zone, yet is capable of physically moving to a more optimal salinity. This enhances their competitiveness as an invader, particularly surviving lower salinities that present challenges during high-precipitation events in rocky intertidal areas, and partially explains this species’ dominance in this habitat type.

peerj

Physiological and behavioral response of the Asian shore crab,<i>Hemigrapsus sanguineus</i>, to salinity: implications for estuarine distribution and invasion

Physiological and behavioral response of the Asian shore crab,Hemigrapsus sanguineus, to salinity: implications for estuarine distribution and invasion