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Sponges belonging to genus  Mycale  are common and widely distributed across the oceans and represent a significant component of benthic communities in term of their biomass, which in many species is largely composed by bacteria. However, the microbial communities associated with  Mycale  species inhabiting different geographical areas have not been previously compared. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the microbiota of two  Mycale  species inhabiting the sub-Antarctic Magellan region (53°S) and the Western Antarctic Peninsula (62–64°S), two geographically distant areas (>1,300 km) with contrasting environmental conditions. The sponges  Mycale (Aegogropila) magellanica  and  Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata  are both abundant members of benthic communities in the Magellan region and in Antarctica, respectively. High throughput sequencing revealed a remarkable similarity in the microbiota of both sponge species, dominated by  Proteobacteria  and  Bacteroidetes , with both species sharing more than 74% of the OTUs. In contrast, 16% and 10% of the OTUs were found only in either  M. magellanica  or  M. acerata , respectively. Interestingly, despite slight differences in the relative abundance, the most dominant OTUs were present in both species, whereas the unique OTUs had very low abundances (less than 1% of the total abundance). These results show a significant overlap among the microbiota of both  Mycale  species and also suggest the existence of a low level of specificity of the most dominant symbiont groups.

High similarity in the microbiota of cold-water sponges of the Genus Mycale from two different geographical areas