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Photoperiod is an important factor in stimulating broiler performance in commercial poultry practice. However, the mechanism by which photoperiod affects the performance of broiler chickens has not been adequately explored. The current study evaluated the effects of three different photoperiod regimes (short day (LD) = 8 h light, control (CTR) = 12.5 h light, and long day (SD) = 16 h light) on the cecal microbiota of broiler roosters by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria were  Firmicutes  (CTR: 68%, SD: 69%, LD: 67%) and  Bacteroidetes  (CTR: 25%, SD: 26%, and LD: 28%). There was a greater abundance of  Proteobacteria  ( p  < 0.01) and  Cyanobacteria  ( p  < 0.05) in chickens in the LD group than in those in the CTR group. A significantly greater abundance of  Actinobacteria  was observed in CTR chickens than in SD and LD chickens ( p  < 0.01). The abundance of  Deferribacteres  was significantly higher in LD chickens than in SD chickens ( p  < 0.01).  Fusobacteria  and  Proteobacteria  were more abundant in SD chickens than in CTR and LD chickens. The predicted functional properties indicate that cellular processes may be influenced by photoperiod. Conversely, carbohydrate metabolism was enhanced in CTR chickens as compared to that in SD and LD chickens. The current results indicate that different photoperiod regimes may influence the abundance of specific bacterial populations and then contribute to differences in the functional properties of gut microbiota of broiler roosters.

16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals effects of photoperiod on cecal microbiota of broiler roosters