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Species within the scleractinian genus  Pocillopora  Lamarck 1816 exhibit extreme phenotypic plasticity, making identification based on morphology difficult. However, the mitochondrial open reading frame (mtORF) marker provides a useful genetic tool for identification of most species in this genus, with a notable exception of  P. eydouxi  and  P. meandrina . Based on recent genomic work, we present a quick and simple, gel-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for the identification of all six  Pocillopora  species occurring in Hawai‘i by amplifying either the mtORF region, a newly discovered histone region, or both, and then using the restriction enzymes targeting diagnostic sequences we unambiguously identify each species .  Using this approach, we documented frequent misidentification of  Pocillopora  species based on colony morphology. We found that  P. acuta  colonies are frequently mistakenly identified as  P. damicornis  in Kāne‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu. We also found that  P. meandrina  likely has a northern range limit in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, above which  P. ligulata  was regularly mistaken for  P. meandrina .

A simple molecular technique for distinguishing species reveals frequent misidentification of Hawaiian corals in the genus Pocillopora