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Trachemys  (Testudines: Emydidae) represents one of the most well-known turtle genera today. The evolution of  Trachemys , while being heavily documented with fossil representatives, is not well understood. Numerous fossils from the late Hemphillian Gray Fossil Site (GFS) in northeastern Tennessee help to elucidate its evolution. The fossil  Trachemys  at the GFS represent a new species. The new taxon,  Trachemys haugrudi , is described, and currently represents the most thoroughly described fossil emydid species known. A phylogenetic analysis, including 31 species, focusing on the subfamily Deirochelyinae is performed that includes the new fossil species, along with numerous other modern and fossil deirochelyine species, representing the first phylogenetic analysis published that includes several fossil deirochelyines. The phylogenetic analysis, utilizing morphological evidence, provides monophyletic clades of all modern deirochelyines, including  Chrysemys ,  Deirochelys ,  Pseudemys ,  Malaclemys ,  Graptemys , and  Trachemys . A strict consensus tree finds the recently described fossil species  Graptemys kerneri  to be part of a clade of  Graptemys  +  Malaclemys . Three fossil taxa, including one previously referred to  Pseudemys  ( Pseudemys caelata ) and two to  Deirochelys  ( Deirochelys carri  and  Deirochelys floridana ) are found to form a clade with modern  Deirochelys reticularia reticularia , with  D. floridana  sister to the other members of the clade.  Chrysemys  is found to be part of a basal polytomy with  Deirochelys  in relation to other deirochelyine taxa. Two fossil taxa previously referred to  Chrysemys  ( Chrysemys timida  and  Chrysemys williamsi ) form a paraphyly with the modern  Chrysemys picta picta  and  Deirochelys , and may be referable to distinct genera. Additionally, fossil taxa previously attributed to  Trachemys  ( Trachemys hillii ,  Trachemys idahoensis ,  Trachemys inflata , and  Trachemys platymarginata ) and  T. haugrudi  are found to form a clade separate from clades of northern and southern  Trachemys  species, potentially suggesting a distinct lineage of  Trachemys  with no modern survivors. Hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships mostly agree between the present study and previous ones, although the inclusion of fossil taxa provides further clues to the evolution of parts of the Deirochelyinae. The inclusion of more fossil taxa and characters may help resolve the placement of some taxa, and further elucidate the evolution of these New World turtles.

peerj

A new slider turtle (Testudines: Emydidae: Deirochelyinae:<i>Trachemys</i>) from the late Hemphillian (late Miocene/early Pliocene) of eastern Tennessee and the evolution of the deirochelyines

A new slider turtle (Testudines: Emydidae: Deirochelyinae:Trachemys) from the late Hemphillian (late Miocene/early Pliocene) of eastern Tennessee and the evolution of the deirochelyines