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Background  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease has been shown to be associated with the generation of multiple auto-antibodies. Among these, anti-dsDNA antibodies (anti-DNAs) are specific and play a pathogenic role in SLE. Indeed, anti-DNA +  SLE patients display a worse disease course. The generation of these pathogenic anti-DNAs has been attributed to the interaction between aberrant T helper (Th) cells and autoimmune B cells. Thus, in this study we have investigated whether CCR6 + Th cells have the ability to differentiate SLE patients based on anti-DNA status, and if their distribution has any correlation with disease activity.    Methods  We recruited 25 anti-DNA +  and 25 anti-DNA −  treatment-naive onset SLE patients, matched for various clinical characteristics in our nested matched case-control study. CCR6 +  Th cells and their additional subsets were analyzed in each patient by flow cytometry.    Results  Anti-DNA +  SLE patients specifically had a higher percentage of Th cells expressing CCR6 and CXCR3. Further analysis of CCR6 +  Th cell subsets showed that anti-DNA +  SLE patients had elevated proportions of Th9, Th17, Th17.1 and CCR4/CXCR3 double-negative (DN) cells. However, the proportions of CCR6 −  Th subsets, including Th1 and Th2 cells, did not show any association with anti-DNA status. Finally, we identified a correlation between CCR6 +  Th subsets and clinical indicators, specifically in anti-DNA +  SLE patients.    Conclusions  Our data indicated that CCR6 +  Th cells and their subsets were elevated and correlated with disease activity in anti-DNA +  SLE patients. We speculated that CCR6 +  Th cells may contribute to distinct disease severity in anti-DNA +  SLE patients.

CCR6+ Th cell distribution differentiates systemic lupus erythematosus patients based on anti-dsDNA antibody status

CCR6⁺ Th cell distribution differentiates systemic lupus erythematosus patients based on anti-dsDNA antibody status