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Background and Purpose  Oxidative stress is involved in normal and pathological functioning of skeletal muscle. Protection of myoblasts from oxidative stress may improve muscle contraction and delay aging. Here we studied the effect of  R. coriaria  sumac fruit extract on human myoblasts and zebrafish embryos in conditions of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.    Study Design and Methods  Crude ethanolic 70% extract (CE) and its fractions was obtained from sumac fruits. The composition of sumac ethyl acetate EtOAc fraction was studied by  1 H NMR. The viability of human myoblasts treated with CE and the EtOAc fraction was determined by trypan blue exclusion test. Oxidative stress, cell cycle and adhesion were analyzed by flow cytometry and microscopy. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR.    Results  The EtOAc fraction (IC 50  2.57 µg/mL) had the highest antioxidant activity and exhibited the best protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It also restored cell adhesion. This effect was mediated by superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase. Pre-treatment of zebrafish embryos with low concentrations of the EtOAc fraction protected them from hydrogen peroxide-induced death  in vivo .  1 H NMR analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid in this fraction.    Conclusion   Rhus coriaria  extracts inhibited or slowed down the progress of skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing oxidative stress via superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase-dependent mechanisms.

Protective effect ofRhus coriariafruit extracts against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in muscle progenitors and zebrafish embryos