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Genus  Epinephelus  (Perciformes, Epinephelidae), commonly known as groupers, are usually difficult in species identification for the lack and/or change of morphological specialization. In this study, molecular cytogenetic analyses were firstly performed to identify the closely related species  Epinephelus bruneus  and  E. moara  in this genus. The species-specific differences of both fish species showed in karyotype, chromosomal distribution of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and localization of 18S rDNA. The heterochromatin (interstitial C-bands) and distribution pattern of telomere (TTAGGG)  n   in  E. bruneus  revealed the chromosomal rearrangements and different karyotypic evolutionary characteristics compared to those in  E. moara . The cytogenetic data suggested that the lineages of  E. bruneus  and  E. moara  were recently derived within the genus  Epinephelus , and  E. moara  exhibited more plesiomorphic features than  E. bruneus . All results confirmed that  E. moara , which has long been considered a synonym of  E. bruneus , is a distinct species in the family Epinephelidae. In addition, molecular cytogenetic analyses are useful in species differentiation and phylogenetic reconstruction in groupers.

Molecular cytogenetic analyses ofEpinephelus bruneusandEpinephelus moara(Perciformes, Epinephelidae)