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Here we describe an efficient and effective technique for rearing sexually-derived coral propagules from spawning through larval settlement and symbiont uptake with minimal impact on natural coral populations. We sought to maximize larval survival while minimizing expense and daily husbandry maintenance by experimentally determining optimized conditions and protocols for gamete fertilization, larval cultivation, induction of larval settlement by crustose coralline algae, and inoculation of newly settled juveniles with their dinoflagellate symbiont  Symbiodinium . Larval rearing densities at or below 0.2 larvae mL −1  were found to maximize larval survival and settlement success in culture tanks while minimizing maintenance effort. Induction of larval settlement via the addition of a ground mixture of diverse crustose coralline algae (CCA) is recommended, given the challenging nature of  in situ  CCA identification and our finding that non settlement-inducing CCA assemblages do not inhibit larval settlement if suitable assemblages are present. Although order of magnitude differences in infectivity were found between common Great Barrier Reef  Symbiodinium  clades C and D, no significant differences in  Symbiodinium  uptake were observed between laboratory-cultured and wild-harvested symbionts in each case. The technique presented here for  Acropora millepora  can be adapted for research and restoration efforts in a wide range of broadcast spawning coral species.

peerj

Coral larvae for restoration and research: a large-scale method for rearing <i>Acropora millepora</i> larvae, inducing settlement, and establishing symbiosis

Coral larvae for restoration and research: a large-scale method for rearing Acropora millepora larvae, inducing settlement, and establishing symbiosis