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Background  Hybridization between native and invasive species can facilitate introgression of native genes that increase invasive potential by providing exotic species with pre-adapted genes suitable for new environments. In this study we assessed the outcome of hybridization between native  Senecio pinnatifolius  var.  pinnatifolius  A.Rich. (dune ecotype) and invasive  Senecio madagascariensis  Poir. to investigate the potential for introgression of adaptive genes to have facilitated  S. madagascariensis  spread in Australia.    Methods  We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (141 loci) and nuclear microsatellites (2 loci) to genotype a total of 118 adults and 223 seeds from  S. pinnatifolius  var. pinnatifolius  and  S. madagascariensis  at one allopatric and two shared sites. We used model based clustering and assignment methods to establish whether hybrid seed set and mature hybrids occur in the field.    Results  We detected no adult hybrids in any population. Low incidence of hybrid seed set was found at Lennox Head where the contact zone overlapped for 20 m (6% and 22% of total seeds sampled for  S. pinnatifolius  var.  pinnatifolius  and  S. madagascariensis  respectively). One hybrid seed was detected at Ballina where a gap of approximately 150 m was present between species (2% of total seeds sampled for  S. madagascariensis ).    Conclusions  We found no evidence of adult hybrid plants at two shared sites. Hybrid seed set from both species was identified at low levels. Based on these findings we conclude that introgression of adaptive genes from  S. pinnatifolius  var.  pinnatifolius  is unlikely to have facilitated  S. madagascariensis  invasions in Australia. Revisitation of one site after two years could find no remaining  S. pinnatifolius  var.  pinnatifolius , suggesting that contact zones between these species are dynamic and that  S. pinnatifolius  var.  pinnatifolius  may be at risk of displacement by  S. madagascariensis  in coastal areas.

Occasional hybridization between a native and invasiveSeneciospecies in Australia is unlikely to contribute to invasive success