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Background and aims  This work evaluates the regulation of iron uptake responses in Citrus leaves and their involvement in the Fe paradox effect.    Methods  Experiments were performed in field-grown ‘Navelina’ trees grafted onto two Cleopatra mandarin ×  Poncirus trifoliata  (L.) Raf. hybrids with different Fe-chlorosis symptoms: 030146 (non-chlorotic) and 030122 (chlorotic).    Results  Chlorotic leaves were smaller than non-chlorotic ones for both dry weight (DW) and area basis, and exhibited marked photosynthetic state affection, but reduced catalase and peroxidase enzymatic activities. Although both samples had a similar total Fe concentration on DW, it was lower in chlorotic leaves when expressed on an area basis. A similar pattern was observed for the total Fe concentration in the apoplast and cell sap and in active Fe (Fe 2+ ) concentration.  FRO2  gene expression and ferric chelate reductase (FC-R) activity were also lower in chlorotic samples, while  HA1  and  IRT1  were more induced. Despite similar apoplasmic pH, K + /Ca 2+  was higher in chlorotic leaves, and both citrate and malate concentrations in total tissue and apoplast fluid were lower.    Conclusion  (1) The rootstock influences Fe acquisition system in the leaf; (2) the increased sensitivity to Fe-deficiency as revealed by chlorosis and decreased biomass, was correlated with lower FC-R activity and lower organic acid level in leaf cells, which could cause a decreased Fe mobility and trigger other Fe-stress responses in this organ to enhance acidification and Fe uptake inside cells; and (3) the chlorosis paradox phenomenon in citrus likely occurs as a combination of a marked FC-R activity impairment in the leaf and the strong growth inhibition in this organ.

Rootstock influence on iron uptake responses inCitrusleaves and their regulation under the Fe paradox effect