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Pseudomonas syringae  is the most widespread bacterial pathogen in plants. Several strains of  P. syringae  produce a phytotoxin, coronatine (COR), which acts as a jasmonic acid mimic and inhibits plant defense responses and contributes to disease symptom development. In this study, we found that COR inhibits early defense responses during nonhost disease resistance. Stomatal closure induced by a nonhost pathogen,  P. syringae  pv.  tabaci , was disrupted by COR in tomato epidermal peels. In addition, nonhost HR cell death triggered by  P. syringae  pv.  tabaci  on tomato was remarkably delayed when COR was supplemented along with  P. syringae  pv.  tabaci  inoculation. Using isochorismate synthase (ICS)-silenced tomato plants and transcript profiles of genes in SA- and JA-related defense pathways, we show that COR suppresses SA-mediated defense during nonhost resistance.

Coronatine inhibits stomatal closure and delays hypersensitive response cell death induced by nonhost bacterial pathogens