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There is much literature devoted to the problem of drug resistance and decreased susceptibility of fungi to commonly used antifungals.    Aim  To analyze drug susceptibility of  Candida albicans  and  non-Candida albicans  strains isolated from the hands of people without any symptoms of disease over a 16-year period.    Materials and Methods  The study included a total of 1,274  Candida-type strains  isolated from the hands of people without any symptoms of disease ,  including: in 1999, 432 strains; in 2004, 368; and in 2015, 454 strains. Biological monitoring of hand surface contamination was performed using the Count-Tact TM  applicator with Count-Tact plates (bioMerieux). Drug susceptibility was evaluated using FUNGITEST ® .    Results  In 1999, the most strains showed resistance to fluconazole (53.2%), in 2004 to itraconazole (52.9%), and in 2015 to fluconazole (85.8%). Resistance to more than one drug was 35.8% in 1999, 64.7% in 2004, and 92% in 2015. Mean resistance to azole antifungals significantly increased from 98 ± 39.7 strains in 1999 to 118.3 ± 29.6 in 2015 ( p  < 0.001). In 1999, the most strains showed resistance to fluconazole (50.6%), in 2004 to itraconazole (52.9%), and in 2015 to fluconazole (44.9%). Resistance to more than one drug was 52.9% in 1999, 64.3% in 2004, and 88.1% in 2015. Mean resistance to azole antifungals significantly increased from a mean of 76 ± 9.7 strains in 1999, to 95.3 ± 24.2 in 2004, and to 97.3 ± 16.6 in 2015 ( p  < 0.001).    Conclusions  We showed increased  C. albicans  and  non-Candida albicans  strain resistance to commonly used antifungal chemotherapeutics, mainly imidazole. We found a clear rise in susceptibility of  C. albicans  and  non-Candida albicans  strains to several studied antifungals.

Retrospective observation of drug susceptibility ofCandidastrains in the years 1999, 2004, and 2015