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Background  Many biotechnological and industrial applications can benefit from cold-adapted EglCs through increased efficiency of catalytic processes at low temperature. In our previous study,  Citrobacter farmeri  A1 which was isolated from a wood-inhabiting termite  Reticulitermes labralis  could secrete a cold-adapted EglC. However, its EglC was difficult to purify for enzymatic properties detection because of its low activity (0.8 U/ml). The objective of the present study was to clone and express the   C. farmeri EglC  gene in  Escherichia coli  to improve production level and determine the enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzyme.    Methods  The  EglC  gene was cloned from  C. farmeri  A1 by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR.  EglC  was transformed into vector pET22b and functionally expressed in  E. coli . The recombination protein EglC22b was purified for properties detection.    Results  SDS-PAGE revealed that the molecular mass of the recombinant endoglucanase was approximately 42 kDa. The activity of the  E. coli  pET22b-EglC crude extract was 9.5 U/ml. Additionally, it was active at pH 6.5–8.0 with an optimum pH of 7.0. The recombinant enzyme had an optimal temperature of 30–40 °C and exhibited >50% relative activity even at 5 °C, whereas it lost approximately 90% of its activity after incubation at 60 °C for 30 min. Its activity was enhanced by Co 2+  and Fe 3+ , but inhibited by Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , Li + , Triton X-100, DMSO, acetonitrile, Tween 80, SDS, and EDTA.    Conclusion  These biochemical properties indicate that the recombinant enzyme is a cold-adapted endoglucanase that can be used for various industrial applications.

peerj

Cloning, expression and characterization of a cold-adapted endo-1, 4-β-glucanase from Citrobacter farmeri A1, a symbiotic bacterium of Reticulitermes labralis