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Background.  The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) accident exposed a large number of inhabitants to internal  131 I radiation. The associations between internal  131 I exposure and thyroid autoimmunity and benign thyroid diseases remain controversial in the population living in the contaminated area around the CNNP. In this study, we evaluate the association of  131 I with benign thyroid diseases.  Methods.  We compared the prevalence of Anti-Thyroid Autoantibodies (ATAs), thyroid function, and prevalence of thyroid ultrasound finding outcomes in 300 residents of the contaminated area of Ukraine who were 0–5 years of age at the time of the CNPP accident (group 1) and 300 sex-matched residents who were born after the accident (group 2).  Results.  We did not find any differences of the prevalence of Antithyroglobulin Antibodies (TGAb) positive, Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb) positive, and TGAb and/or TPOAb positive between the study groups. (11.7% vs 10.3%;  p  = 0.602, 17.3% vs 13.0%;  p  = 0.136, 21.0% vs 17.3%;  p  = 0.254, respectively); after adjusting for age and sex, the prevalence was not associated with the  131 I exposure status in the study groups. The prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism cases was not significantly different ( p  = 0.093 and  p  = 0.320) in the two groups, nor was the prevalence of goiter ( p  = 0.482). On the other hand, the prevalence of nodules was significantly higher in group 1 ( p  = 0.003), though not significantly so after adjustment for age and sex.  Discussion.  Working 26–27 years after the CNNP accident, we found no increased prevalence of ATAs or benign thyroid diseases in young adults exposed to  131 I fallout during early childhood in the contaminated area of Ukraine. Long-term follow-up is needed to clarify the effects of radiation exposure on autoimmunity reaction in the thyroid.

peerj

Evaluation of thyroid antibodies and benign disease prevalence among young adults exposed to<sup>131</sup>I more than 25 years after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

Evaluation of thyroid antibodies and benign disease prevalence among young adults exposed to131I more than 25 years after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

Evaluation of thyroid antibodies and benign disease prevalence among young adults exposed to¹³¹I more than 25 years after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant