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The phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) family comprises ancient proteins found throughout the biosphere that play an important role in plant growth and development, flowering, seed development and dormancy. However, not all  PEBP  genes have been identified or analyzed in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) and its progenitors. In this study, we identified the  PEBP  genes in common wheat,  Triticum dicoccoides ,  Triticum urartu  and  Aegilops tauschii  by searching whole genome sequences, and characterized these genes by phylogenetic and transcriptome analyses. A total of 76, 38, 16 and 22  PEBP  genes were identified in common wheat,  T. dicoccoides ,  T. urartu  and  Ae. tauschii , respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified the  PEBP  genes into four subfamilies ( PEBP-like ,  MFT-like ,  TFL-like  and  FT-like ); the  PEBP-like  subfamily was identified as a new subfamily with genes in this subfamily were conserved in plants. Group 2, 3 and 5 chromosomes of common wheat and its progenitors contained more  PEBP  genes than other chromosomes. The  PEBP  genes were conserved in wheat during evolution, and tandem duplication played a more important role in the amplification of  PEBP  genes than segmental duplication. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that  PEBP  genes showed tissue/organ-specific expression profiles and some  PEBP  genes were induced to express by biotic stresses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that seven randomly selected  PEBP  genes expressed differently during seed germination under cold, drought, flood, heat and salt stress treatments, and five of these genes ( TaPEBP1 ,  TaPEBP5 ,  TaPEBP9 ,  TaPEBP66  and  TaPEBP69 ) showed significantly higher expression under different stress treatments, indicating that these genes play important roles during seed germination under stress conditions.

Genome-wide member identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of PEBP gene family in wheat and its progenitors