English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to relieve pain and fever including during infections. However, some studies suggest that NSAIDs protect against neuroinflammation, while some find no effects or worsening of neuroinflammation. We evaluated the effect of indomethacin alone on in combination with minocycline, a drug that inhibits neuroinflammation, on the expression of transcripts of neuroinflammatory molecules-induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the brain of mice. Inoculation of male BALB/c mice with LPS induced the expression of the microglia marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule protein, mRNA expression of the genes for cytokines interleukin-1beta ( Il1b ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( Tnf ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene ( Nos2 ), but not  Il10 , in the brain. Treatment with indomethacin had no significant effect on the cytokines or  Nos2  mRNA expression in naïve animals. However, pretreatment with indomethacin increased LPS-induced  Nos2  mRNA and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) protein expression, but had no significant effect on LPS-induced mRNA expression of the cytokines. Minocycline reduced LPS-induced  Il1b  and  Tnf , but not  Nos2 , mRNA expression. Treatment with indomethacin plus minocycline had no effect on LPS-induced  Il1b, Tnf  and  Nos2  mRNA expression. In conclusion these results show that indomethacin significantly augments LPS-induced  Nos2  mRNA and iNOS protein expression in the brain. In the presence of indomethacin, minocycline could not inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Thus, indomethacin could exacerbate neuroinflammation by increasing the expression of iNOS and also block the anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline.

Indomethacin augments lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory molecules in the mouse brain