Opening the record of science: making scholarly publishing work for science in the digital era

Executive Summary 2 1. Why science matters 5 2. Why scientific publication matters 5 3. Principles for scientific publishing 6 4. The current status of scientific publishing 9 4.1 The commercial publishing system and its recent evolution 9 4.2 The business model 11 4.3 Open Access Publishing 12 4.4 Learned society publishing 16 4.5 Books and monographs 17 5. Publishing the data of science 18 5.1 Binary publication: concept and data 18 5.2 Data and peer review 21 6. Science publishing in a changing world 22 6.1 The digital impact on the research cycle 23 6.2 Linked digital infrastructures for the research cycle 24 6.3 Reinventing the practice of science publishing 26 7. An emerging business model 27 7.1 Monetizing the research cycle 27 7.2 Implications for the governance of digital infrastructures 28 8. Science in a changing world 29 8.1 Challenges and opportunities 29 8.2 Open Science 30 8.3 A critique from the Global South 30 8.4 Other contrary voices 31 9. Motivations, incentives and metrics 32 10. Conclusions: publishing in the service of science 33 10.1 Possible recommendations for change 33 10.2 Enabling factors 35 10.3 A further basis for action: an economic analysis 36 11. References 37