PEMBENTUKAN KEAHLIAN KEJURUAN DI INDUSTRI PERALATAN

After 1998 financial crisis, the growth of Indonesian manufactures sector had been dominated by the technology intensivetools and machinery sub sector. The development of tools and machinery sub-sector should have increased the demand for skilled and specific labors namely vocational high school (VHS) graduates. Nevertheless, the VHS graduates’ roles had relatively been reduced. Despite they have better opportunities to develop their career in the long term, they are less likely to achieve supervisory or higher career level because the diploma or undergraduates workers most likely occupy the level. One of the main factors behind their lower career level prospects is due to rare opportunities to upgrade their skills through further On the Job Training in the shop floor. Coincidently, this arguably happened due to the declining position of Indonesian tools and machinery industry within global value chain from previously export oriented to domestic market oriented. Therefore, the existing technology transfer relatively hardly needs sophisticated skills which consequently could be delivered by less skilled workers such as general high school (GHS) graduates. PENDAHULUAN Paska krisis finansial tahun 1998, pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia mengalami perlambatan signifikan dari rata-rata 7-8% per tahun mejadi 5-6% per tahun. Salah satu penyebab perlambatan ini adalah penurunan tingkat pertumbuhan rata-rata di sektor manufaktur (Lihat tabel 1). Sebelum krisis, sektor manufaktur Indonesia tumbuh dengan tingkat rata-rata lebih dari 10%. Pertumbuhan ini ditopang oleh dua submanufaktur, yaitu industri garmen, tekstil, dan alas kaki yang bersifat padat karya dan industri pengolahan kayu yang bersifat padat sumber daya alam (ekstraktif).1 Kedua industri 1 Lihat Thee (2012) hal. 156. Pembentukan Keahlian Kejuruan di Industri Peralatan Padang Wicaksono, Lionel Priyadi, dan Oscar Vitriano Volume 2, Nomor 1, pp 1-12 2 ini banyak mempekerjakan tenaga kerja kurang terampil dengan tingkat pendidikan SMP atau lebih rendah. Setelah krisis, kedua industri ini sudah tidak mampu lagi menopang pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, terutama akibat dari regulasi tenaga kerja yang tidak ramah terhadap iklim bisnis (business-unfriendly).2 Melemahnya peranan industri padat karya dan padat sumber daya alam pasca krisis diikuti oleh berkembangnya industri padat teknologi (med-high tech and high tech manufacturing), yakni sub-sektor industri peralatan.