Twin minus total domination numbers in directed graphs

Let D = (V,A) be a finite simple directed graph (shortly, digraph). A function f : V → {−1, 0, 1} is called a twin minus total dominating function (TMTDF) if f(N−(v)) ≥ 1 and f(N+(v)) ≥ 1 for each vertex v ∈ V. The twin minus total domination number of D is y*_mt(D) = min{w(f) | f is a TMTDF of D}. In this paper, we initiate the study of twin minus total domination numbers in digraphs and we present some lower bounds for y*_mt(D) in terms of the order, size and maximum and minimum in-degrees and out-degrees. In addition, we determine the twin minus total domination numbers of some classes of digraphs