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El articulo 118 de la Ley Hipotecaria, cuya redaccion se remonta a la reforma hipotecaria del ano 1944, consagro en su primer parrafo una practica notarial consistente en la suscripcion de los llamados pactos de retencion en el precio de los contratos de compraventa. Estos acuerdos se concertaban para pagar la deuda pendiente del vendedor, o con la condicion de destinar la parte del precio retenido al pago de una deuda que el vendedor mantenia con un tercero. La adquisicion de la cosa objeto de compraventa se posponia al cumplimiento de la condicion o, en su defecto, a su afianzamiento. Adicionalmente y teniendo en cuenta que el articulo 118 de la Ley Hipotecaria dio carta de naturaleza a la asuncion de deudas, nos detendremos en este pacto donde se prescinde, gracias a la formula tipificada, del complejo procedimiento de la novacion subjetiva pasiva extintiva que reclamaba la sustitucion de una relacion por otra nueva a la que reemplazaba. Al tiempo, este precepto ratifica la esfera del poder de disposicion que conserva el sujeto pasivo del derecho de credito garantizado con hipoteca. In its first paragraph, Article 118 of the Mortgage Law - drafted during the mortgage system reform back in 1944- established a very common notary practice: the signing of the so called retention agreements related to contracts of sale, establishing that part of the price of the sale was to be retained. The purpose of such agreements was to pay off the seller’s pending debts, and they could be signed under the condition that the retained part of the price be used to pay an outstanding debt between the seller and a third party alien to the sale. The acquisition of the object of the sale was postponed until the fulfillment of the condition or, failing that, until it was asecured. Additionally, given that Article 118 provided for the assumption of debt, the author will focus on assumption-of-debt agreements signed with the purpose of circumventing the complex procedure required by passive-subjective extinctive novation, which entailed the replacement of a given debt relation by a new one involving a new debtor. Article 118 also consolidates the discretionary power of the passive subject in credit/debit relations guaranteed by mortgages.

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Responsabilidad personal y real: cuestiones sobre el artículo 118 de la ley hipotecaria y los pactos de retención y descuento del precio en la transmisión de finca hipotecada