RESOCIALIZACIÓN Y ENCUESTAS DE CALIDAD DE VIDA PENITENCIARIA

En el presente articulo se presentan y analizan los resultados estadisticos obtenidos de 454 encuestas de autoinforme dirigidas a evaluar la calidad de vida en prision que han sido completadas por algo mas del diez por ciento de la poblacion penitenciaria de cinco centros del sur de Espana, cuatro de ellas en Andalucia oriental, mas el centro penitenciario de Melilla. Se trata de una investigacion realizada a partir de una version independiente de la encuesta original desarrollada por Alison Liebling Measuring the Quality of Prison Life (MQPL). El principal objetivo general es contribuir a profundizar en el conocimiento de la realidad de las prisiones espanolas. En terminos mas especificos, verificar si se confirma, o no, el fundamento constitucional con el que se sigue concibiendo la pena de prision en Espana: la reeducacion y reinsercion social del condenado (articulo 25.2 CE). Para ello se analizan las respuestas a una serie de preguntas que se enmarcan en tres variables o dimensiones: (1) la relacion de los internos con el personal de prision; (2) la relacion de los reclusos entre si; (3) la eficacia o no del tratamiento penitenciario de cara a su reincorporacion a la sociedad. El analisis permite no solo vislumbrar diferencias en cuanto al regimen de vida de los centros penitenciarios analizados sino, ademas, evaluar la validez de la hipotesis de partida, a saber, la vigencia actual de lo establecido en el mencionado precepto constitucional. This paper presents and analyzes statistical results obtained from 454 self-report surveys aimed at evaluating the quality of prison life of inmates. These have been completed by over ten percent of the prison population of five prisons in the south of the Spain, four of them in eastern Andalusia, plus the penitentiary center of Melilla. The research is based on an independent version of the the original survey developed by Alison Liebling, Measuring the Quality of Prison Life (MQPL). The main general objective of this paper is to contribute to deepening the knowledge of the reality of Spanish prisons. In more specific terms, to inquire into the validity of the hypothesis on which prison sentences are still formally based in Spain: re-education and social reintegration of the convicted person (article 25.2 of the Spanish Constitution). For this purpose, we have analyzed the current state of prison ‘morals’ from the answers of the surveyed prisoners to a questionnaire that includes, among others, some questions connected with the following three issues: (1) their relationship with prison staff; (2) their relationship with other inmates; (3) the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of prison treatment in terms of their reintegration into society. The research will allow not only to detect possible differences in the prison life of the five penitentiaries analyzed, but also to confirm or not the initial hypothesis raised, namely, the current validity of what is established in the aforementioned articulo 25.2 of the Spanish Constitution.