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Un vestigio de otros tiempos: el rezo en el Congreso de Estados Unidos
Author(s) -
Alfonso Cuenca Miranda
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
revista de derecho político
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.278
H-Index - 4
eISSN - 2174-5625
pISSN - 0211-979X
DOI - 10.5944/rdp.99.2017.19311
Subject(s) - humanities , art , philosophy
Resumen: El origen de la institucion parlamentaria esta intimamente ligado a la escenografia religiosa. Frente a lo sucedido en el parlamentarismo continental contemporaneo, en donde su eliminacion se derivo de la corriente laicizadora propia del periodo revolucionario, la antigua costumbre de abrir las sesiones parlamentarias con el rezo de una oracion ha pervivido en el contexto del parlamentarismo anglosajon, bajo la egida de la praxis seguida en Westminster. En Estados Unidos su origen se halla en las propias sesiones del Congreso Continental y en la conformacion del texto constitucional de Filadelfia, celebrandose desde entonces las correspondientes oraciones a cargo de capellanes contratados por las Camaras. Planteada la constitucionalidad del rezo en las mismas desde la optica de la Clausula de Establecimiento (I Enmienda), la Corte Suprema la ha afirmado en dos sentencias (Marsh v. Chambers y Town of Greece v. Galloway) bajo argumentos historicos a condicion de no ser proselitistas. La pervivencia de las oraciones parlamentarias se explica en determinados contextos como simbolos o elementos de autoafirmacion e integracion de la propia institucion parlamentaria, conectandose con la denominada religion civil cuya presencia se ha afirmado en el caso norteamericano.  Abstract: The origin of Parliaments is closely linked with the religious scenography. In contrast with what happened in the contemporary continental parliamentarism, where its elimination derived from the laicist stream of the revolutionary parliament, the ancient costume consisting of opening the parliamentary sessions with a prayer has survived in the context of the anglo-saxon parliamentarism, under the influence of the praxis followed in Westminster. In the United States its origins coincide with the sessions of the Continental Congress and the approval of the Philadelphia Constitution, since then the prayers have been recited by the chaplains hired by the Chambers. Although it has been disputed the prayer´s constitutionality due to the text of the Establishment Clause (I Amendment), the Supreme Court has confirmed it in two decisions (Marsh v. Chambers y Town of Greece v. Galloway) invoking historic arguments and under the condition that the prayers should not have a proselytizing purpose. Prayer´s survival is explained in certain contexts as elements of self-recognition and integration of the parliamentary institution, connected with the so called civil religion whose presence has been maintained in the U. S.

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