Derechos fundamentales e ideario educativo constitucional

La regulacion de los derechos educativos ha demostrado ser una de las mas conflictivas de la experiencia constitucional espanola. Si en la decada de los 80 el conflicto giro alrededor de la articulacion de la educacion publica y la de iniciativa social (y la correspondiente financiacion de este tipo de educacion) y en los debates entre pluralismo interno y pluralismo externo en la ensenanza, en los ultimos anos ha emergido el disenso en torno a que debe entender por educacion. En este sentido, ha cobrado actualidad el debate en torno al ideario educativo constitucional. En el presente articulo se examina la existencia del ideario educativo constitucional y el alcance del mismo, a partir de su proyeccion en la resolucion de conflictos juridicos que en esta materia han tenido lugar en los ultimos anos. Asi, en primer lugar se analiza la cuestion de la educacion en casa, y su interrelacion con el mencionado ideario educativo constitucional, al objeto de determinar cual es la finalidad de la educacion. En segundo termino, y dado que el Tribunal Constitucional considera que la educacion tiene una finalidad de integracion social que va mas alla de la transmision de conocimientos, se analiza esta vertiente civica de la educacion, a partir de la polemica generada por la introduccion en el curriculo de la materia «Educacion para la ciudadania». En tercer lugar, y en atencion a la relacion entre ideologia constitucional y ensenanza institucional, se considera la legitimidad de los colegios especializados por sexo. Finalmente, a partir de las consideraciones efectuadas en los casos citados, se propone una concepcion restrictiva del ideario educativo constitucional, en orden a preservar el pluralismo politico y la distincion entre Estado y sociedad, clave en una sociedad democratica. The regulation of the educational rights has proven to be one of the most troubled of the Spanish constitutional experience. If in the 80s the conflict revolved around the articulation of public education and social initiative (and funding of such education) and discussions between internal and external pluralism in education, in recent years has emerged dissent about what is meant by education. In this sense, the debate has gained currency in the constitutional educational ideology. In this paper is examined the existence and scope of the educational ideology of the Constitution, from its projection in the resolution of legal disputes in this area that have taken place in recent years. Firstly, is analyzed the issue of home schooling, and its relationship with the above mentioned educational ideology of the Constitution, in order to determine what is the purpose of education. Secondly, and given that the Constitutional Court considers that education has a purpose of social integration that goes beyond the transmission of knowledge, civic aspect of education is analyzed, from the controversy generated by the introduction into the curriculum of the subject «Education for Citizenship». Third, and in view of the constitutional relationship between ideology and institutional education is considered the legitimacy of the schools specialized by sex. Finally, from the considerations in the above cases, is proposed a restrictive conception of the educational ideology of the Constitution in order to preserve political pluralism and the distinction between state and society, basis of a democratic society.