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Resumen : El trabajo que presentamos trata de contemplar como la erosion del sistema representativo de partidos politicos ha deteriorado gravemente la confianza de los ciudadanos en su efectividad y responsabilidad, hasta el extremo de que nuevos movimientos sociales y politicos propugnen retornar a modelos de democracia directa. Defendemos aqui que ello no es posible, ni deseable precisamente en un momento en el que los nuevos medios tecnicos hacen mas posible que nunca la aparicion de populismos articulados sobre bases tecnologicas que son de una extraordinario peligro para las democracias del siglo XXI. Para ello estudiamos algunas de las ideas centrales de la democracia representativa y de la democracia directa, poniendolas en conexion con el poder que las nuevas tecnologias como el Big Data , la propaganda cognitiva electoral y otras tecnicas de comunicacion electronica virtual estan desplegando sobre nuestras modernas democracias de opinion. Tratamos de poner en evidencia algunos de sus riesgos mas relevantes sugiriendo, tambien, algunos instrumentos para mejorar la siempre perfectible tanto como necesaria democracia representativa, basada en partidos politicos mas responsables donde el mandato imperativo de partido sea atemperado por instituciones como el Recall de cada vez mayor uso en el marco del Derecho Constitucional comparado. Aspectos como el rediseno de la privacidad forman parte, brevemente, de la investigacion ya que en una ecologia de nuevos medios tecnicos de procesamiento de la informacion solo una intensificacion normativa del respeto de la privacidad puede ser la unica estrategia de contencion de un futuro que sin ella afectaria gravemente a la dignidad humana. Summary : 1. A democracy of excessively discontinuous exercise 2. The new media as mirrors where formal democracy reflects. 2.1 Direct democracy and representative democracy, the insufficiency of an unveiled fiction. 2.2. Citizens in advanced democracy wish to participate. 2.3. From a class society to a classified society, the role of big data, 2.3.1. The psychometric profiles, 2.3.2. Electoral cognitive advertising and microtargeting. 2.4 Powers private public powers. 3. The new forms of communication include new ways of participation and control as the recall. 4. Political parties have deteriorated the confidence of citizens in democracy. Abstract : The work that we present tries to contemplate how the erosion of the representative system of political parties has seriously deteriorated the confidence of the citizens in their effectiveness and responsibility, to the extent that new social and political movements propose to return to models of direct democracy. We argue here that this is neither possible nor desirable at a time when the new technical means make more possible than ever the emergence of populisms articulated on technological bases that are an extraordinary danger for the democracies of the 21st century. To this end, we study some of the central ideas of representative democracy and direct democracy, linking them to the power that new technologies such as Big Data, electoral cognitive propaganda and other virtual electronic communication  techniques are deploying on our modern democracies of opinion. We try to highlight some of its most relevant risks, suggesting also some instruments to improve the always perfectible as much as necessary representative democracy based on more responsible political parties where the imperative party mandate is tempered by institutions like the Recall at a time greater use within the framework of comparative Constitutional Law. Aspects such as the redesign of privacy are briefly part of the research since in an ecology of new technical means of information processing, only a normative intensification of respect for privacy may be the only strategy to contain a future that without It would seriously affect human dignity.

revista de derecho político/revista de derecho político

La crisis de la democracia representativa. Nuevas relaciones políticas entre democracia, populismo virtual, poderes privados y tecnocracia en la era de la propaganda electoral cognitiva virtual, el microtargeting y el Big Data