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The antiinflammatory activity of the methanol:methylene chloride extract of the aerial parts of Schwenckia americana L. (Solanaceae) (SAE) and its mechanisms were evaluated. Bioactivity-guided studies on SAE and its fractions was done using the egg albumin-induced rat paw edema as activity guide. Further screening for anti-inflammatory activity was accomplished using the xylene-induced ear edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. The putative anti-inflammatory mechanisms were studied using acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration and heat- and hypotonic solution- induced hemolysis. Phytochemical analysis of SAE and fractions was carried out using standard procedures. Results showed that SAE and fractions significantly (P dichloromethane fraction > SAE. SAE also significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and topical edema development in the mouse ear. Granuloma tissue formation and neutrophils count in rats, and heat and hypotonic solution- induced hemolysis of ox erythrocytes were also inhibited. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of S. americana may partly be through membrane stabilization and inhibition of vascular permeability, neutrophil migration, cellular infiltration and proliferation. Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of terpenoids and steroids in the most active fraction.       Key words: Schwenckia americana, anti-inflammatory, granuloma, ear edema, vascular permeability, neutrophil migration, membrane stabilization.

Bioactivity-guided studies on the antiinflammatory activity of extract of aerial parts of Schwenckia americana L. (Solanaceae)