Blood group serology analysis of one rare case of -thalassemia major with cold autoantibodies and alloantibodies

β thalassemia major is one of major public health problem in south China requiring lifelong blood transfusions for the children to stay alive. However, long-term transfusion increases the risk of the patients to produce the autoantibodies and alloantibodies due to repeated exposure to foreign antigens. In this study, we reported one rare case of β-thalassemia major with cold autoantibodies and alloantibodies. Blood group serology experiments including the absorption-elution test, irregular antibody screening, blood group identification and cross matching were used to determine the blood group serology characteristics of the patient. Results showed that high titer cold autoantibodies and alloantibodies (anti-E and anti-N) were present in serum of the ten-years-old child with β-thalassemia major. Collectively, when difficulties in blood group identification and cross matching were found in patients with β thalassemia major, a prompt and careful blood group serology analysis will help to avoid the transfusion accident due to the undetected antibodies.   Key words: Thalassemia, autoantibody, alloantibody, blood type.