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Anaerobic bacterium (strain SN22-2) with simultaneous capabilities of denitrification and sulfate reduction was enriched and isolated in a specially designed medium by anaerobic Hungate technology. The characterisation of SN22-2 was conducted from the morphological, physiological and phylogenetic aspects. It was a rod-shaped, gram-negative, 0.2 to 0.7 μm in width and 3.0 to 5.5 μm in length. Most of the fatty acids of SN22-2 were distributed among C12:0–C19-CYC-9 and the main fatty acids consisted of C16:1-CIS-9-FAME, C16:0-FAME, C18:0-FAME and C18:0 DMA. Based on the morphological and physiological characteristics as well as the phylogenetic analysis, SN22-2 was identified as Bacillus coagulans since its 16S rDNA bore 99% resemblance to that of B. coagulans (Accession No. AB240205). The dissimilatory sulfite reductase (Dsr) and the nitrite reductase (nirS) genes were successfully amplified and cloned from strain SN22-2. The removal efficiencies of NO3 and SO4 2were up to 96.48 and 97.98% when the initial concentrations of NO3 and SO4 2were 4368.45 and 586.70 mg/L, respectively. High activities of nitrite reductase and sulfate reductase were detected in the culture medium of SN22-2. The analysis of gene sequences and the enzyme activities as well as the nitrate and sulfate removal efficiency data confirmed that strain SN22-2 had simultaneous denitrifying and sulfate reducing capabilities. The characterization of the present isolate had important ecological implications in treating organic wastewater containing high concentration of sulfate and nitrogen.

african journal of microbiology research

Morphologial, physiological and phylogenetic characterization and functional verification of an anaerobic strain SN22-2 with simultaneous capabilities of denitrification and sulfate reduction