Microbial degradation of synthetic textile dyes: A cost effective and eco-friendly approach

Synthetic dyes extensively used in different industries are maximally toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature. Being recalcitrant, if not treated, they will remain in nature for extended period of time. Wide range of known methods for dye removal is categorized viz. Physical, chemical, biological and electrochemical. Advantage of biological, chemical and electrochemical method over physical involves the complete destruction of the dye molecule. Advantage of biological method over chemical and electrochemical is of being cost-effective also. Large numbers of micro flora including bacteria, fungi, algae and yeasts have been explored to decolorize and degrade dyes. The intent of the present review paper is to present the dye decolorizing and degrading potential of known microflora. To emphasize on the aspect of biological method for making it cheaper and non-polluting for cost effectiveness, it may be an effective environmental friendly technology especially for the developing nations.   Key words: Dye, textile wastewater, biological method, biodegradation.