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As multinational enterprise (MNEs) from emerging markets grow into maturity they face significant challenges surrounding their identities and home country bases and, as a result, we see them making different choices. National champions choose to retain their corporate headquarters and identity from their emerging market homes while corporate emigrants relocate their head-offices abroad. Targets of mergers and acquisitions (M and A) may move to the acquirer's home or stay where they were born.  Through an examination of South African-born firms that are cross-listed on both the Johannesburg securities exchange and one other exchange, we identify the differences between these evolutionary paths and discuss the drivers and constraints on relocation decisions.       Key words: South Africa, emerging markets, multinational enterprise, location advantage, headquarters.

Leaving home: Relocation choices of South African multinational enterprise (MNEs)