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Genetic (populations and progenies) and environmental (planting date, germination stimulator, insecticide and fungicide) effects were evaluated on Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) seeds emergence. Two Completely Randomized Block Design (E1 and E2, on 2005 and 2009 years, respectively) experiments were set up on field. Seeds for E2 were harvested in mother trees whose seeds showed higher germination rate in E1. The effects, in E1, of planting date, insecticide, fungicide and gibberellic acid were not significant. The mother tree effects were significant for both trials. The seeds emergence rates for all and selected mother trees in E1, and in E2 were 17.2% (P0), 24.2% (Ps) and 28.2% (Pm), respectively. The environment effects supposedly responded for the actual (Pm-P0) gain being higher than the greatest expected (Ps-P0) since the estimated correlation of common progenies between E1 and E2 was 36.4%. In direct sowing in the field, the emergence rate of Pequi seeds is strongly influenced by mother trees from where they were collected. Phytosanitary control and the use of germination stimulator did not change the emergence rate in Pequi seeds.   Key words: Caryocar brasiliense, mother tree, populations, genetic gain, correlation.

Environmental and genetic concerns on genetic gains via selection in Pequi mother tree for seeds emergence