Superoxide dismutase and -amylase changes of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) tissues seasonally

This effort aims to set new record and study the activities of two metabolically important distinct antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and amylase in leaves and twigs of Damask rose (Rosa damascenaMill.). This research is done in various seasons to trace the seasonal shifts in plant metabolism. The results of our experimental work would be indicative of the seasonal variation patterns of R. damascena accessions in the concentration/activity of the estimated enzymes, which would in turn determine their functional importance in two types of tissues. SOD and amylase activities of leaves changed annually in the same condition and the first year had higher activities than the second year, except Kerman and Kermanshah. The content of SOD in leaf showed the strongest levels at 50% flowering in spring and the lowest ones were cleared in summer. The highest amylase levels were obtained at the warmest time in summer, while the lowest levels were obtained in autumn. These results elucidated that SOD activities were stronger than amylase activities among accessions in three phenological stages. There were evident differences between SOD and amylase activities in tissues. So, results elucidated that SOD activities in twigs were higher than leaf except in Kerman1 and Kermanshah1. Meanwhile, this research showed the strongest amylase activities in leaf. Enzyme activities in twig expressed variation among accessions and four phenological stages with high interactions. Overall, results determined that SOD activities were highest in comparison to amylase in twig.   Key words: Enzymatic activity, oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase, amylase, seasonal changes.