A review of the potential risks associated with chemicals present in poured-in-place rubber surfacing

Poured-in-place (PIP) rubber surface systems are becoming a popular material for playground and play area surfaces due to their customizability, durability, and impact protection. The material is constructed from crumb rubber, which is made from recycled tires as well as synthetic components and other additives, such as a binding agent. Several government agencies and nongovernmental organizations have commissioned studies and status reports to identify possible health risks related to exposure to the chemical hazards present in PIP surface materials. Various routes of exposure were considered such as inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. After a review of the available literature addressing potential chemical hazards of PIP surfaces, no health risks were noted. Some information gaps, such as limited experimental data specific to PIP surface systems, were identified at the time of the review.