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The selection of cluster heads is of immense importance in the cluster based protocols which are widely used in wireless sensor networks. However, for the random selection of cluster heads when the distance of cluster heads is also taken into account such as in LEACH-DT algorithm, the lifetime of the network is improved. In this paper, a new algorithm for selection of cluster heads is proposed where the residual energy of the cluster heads is also considered along with the distance to the base station. The proposed approach ensures better energy balance of the network nodes. The performance of the proposed algorithm is measured at various stages of network lifetime and a significant improvement over LEACH-DT has been observed. Also, a two-level heterogeneous hierarchical architecture of the proposed algorithm is investigated which further enhances the performance of the proposed algorithm.

Modified LEACH-DT Algorithm with Hierarchical Extension for Wireless Sensor Networks