Open AccessOverview of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Potential Reactions
Author(s) -
Esmaeil Mortaz,
Neda K. Dezfuli
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
trends in medical sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2783-2090
DOI - 10.5812/tms.115161
Subject(s) - immunology , immune system , disease , immunopathology , context (archaeology) , pathogenesis , covid-19 , medicine , pandemic , hypoxia (environmental) , ards , proinflammatory cytokine , tumor necrosis factor alpha , infectious disease (medical specialty) , inflammation , lung , biology , pathology , paleontology , chemistry , organic chemistry , oxygen
Context: The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 is not well described yet, especially regarding dysregulation of the immune system. In this mini-review, current knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 disease is described. We also discuss possible induced reactions against SARS-COV-2. Evidence Acquisition: Based on the authors' experience and knowledge, the current review aimed to, firstly, discuss and overview SRAS-CoV-2 infection and reactions in the body, and, secondly, to obtain related subjects from the PubMed database. Results and Conclusion: In most COVID-19 patients, uncontrollable cytokines secretion and mediators are major key points in the pathogenesis of the disease. Of all cytokines and mediators, serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and soluble TNF-α receptor (sTNFR) have been reported. Lymphopenia and hypoxia, as well as the severity of the disease, can be considered as COVID-19 manifestations. High levels of intracellular NO inside of the red blood cells (RBCs) of patients drive the unexpected silent hypoxia phenotype induced ARDS importantly related to the patient's immune system dysfunction.