Geodesic Distances and Hidden Markov Models for the 3D Face Recognition

The citizen security is a problem that in the recent years, as the daily crime news show, has grown in importance. In particular, the world research in this area, has spent his energy into the producing of a personal identification system as most possible secure. In the last years the Biometrics methods have imposed itself more and more in personal recognition field. The word “Biometrics” is used to refer to the study of the automatic methods of identification or authorization of people which entail the use of physiologic and behavioural characteristics (Ashbourn, 2000). The main technologies used for the identification of people and based on biometric recognition (Cascetta & De Luccia, 2004) can be devided in personal identification founded on the biometric recognition of “static features”: capturing and processing of human anatomic characteristics such as fingerprints, geometry and "footprint" of the hand vascular, facial, iris and retinal geometry; personal identification founded on the recognition of "dynamic features": vocal timbre, speech peculiarities (spectral analysis of the sound field), dynamic signature (pressure), digitization (pressure), gait (steps in walking). There are also other recognition techniques among which DNA matching that are not widely employed due to their complexity and the impossibility to wiork in real time (Jain & Bolle et al., 1999)( Jain & Halici et al., 1999).