Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Transportation Problems

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a newer evolutionary computational method than genetic algorithm and evolutionary programming. PSO has some common properties of evolutionary computation like randomly searching, iteration time and so on. However, there are no crossover and mutation operators in the classical PSO. PSO simulates the social behavior of birds: Individual birds exchange information about their position, velocity and fitness, and the behavior of the flock is then influenced to increase the probability of migration to regions of high fitness. The framework of PSO can be described as Figure 1.