Evolutionary Algorithms in Modelling of Biosystems

Globally there is a land area of 13000 million ha, of which the area used for agricultural production is 1500 million ha (Naciones Unidas sobre el Desarrollo de los Recursos Hidricos en el mundo [NUDRHM], 2006), that is 12% of the total surface. Because the productivity of the agricultural sector is reduced, in general, the intensive production in controlled environments is an alternative to increase productivity in the aforementioned sector. For this reason, the use of greenhouses for agricultural production has increased in recent years. In the world, currently some 265,000 hectares are cultivated in greenhouses. Asia, with more than 138,000, represents at this moments the leading world power in intensive production under plastic cover. In the second place, with 95,000 ha, the Mediterranean basin is placed. Northern Europe (16,000 ha) and the American Continent (15,600 ha) share the rest. Holland remains the maximum exponent in agriculture under high-tech cover, especially so that which refers to crystal greenhouses. The crop inside greenhouse allows to obtain productions of better quality and higher yields, at any time of the year, while it permits extending the cycle of farming, enabling production in the most difficult times of the year and getting better prices. Due to the benefits that provide crops inside greenhouse, crops should have a controlled microclimate using different systems to regulate environmental conditions, limiting the excesses and filling shortcomings in terms of crop needs, in order to take place in every moment the optimal conditions of different stages of plant development. In addition to the advantages that production has in controlled environments it is important to reduce production costs, such as heating costs, irrigation and fertilization. To achieve this it is necessary to have a system that controls the environment inside the greenhouse that allows improving production and crop quality, product quality, time of the production process and improving production costs. Moreover, the system should allow the farmer to have sufficient information about requirements and changes observed over time in crop development. These control systems are based on mathematical models that describe the behavior of variables, such as air temperature, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and absolute humidity. Therefore, to improve the productivity of the crop under greenhouse it is necessary to study the process