A Cyan Fluorescent Protein Gene (cfp)-Transgenic Marine Medaka Oryzias dancena with Potential Ornamental Applications

To evaluate their potential utility as an ornamental organism, novel transgenic marine medaka Oryzias dancena strains with a highly vivid fluorescent phenotype were established through transgenesis of a cyan fluorescent protein gene ( cfp ) driven by the endogenous fast skeletal myosin light chain 2 gene ( mlc2f ) promoter. The transgenic marine medaka strains possessed multiple copies of transgene integrants and passed their fluorescent transgenes successfully to subsequent generations. Transgenic expres-sion in skeletal muscles at both the mRNA and phenotypic levels was, overall, dependent upon transgene copy numbers. In the external phenotype, an authentic fluorescent color was dominant in the skeletal muscles of the transgenic fish and clearly visible to the unaided eye. The phenotypic fluorescent color presented differentially in response to different light-irradiation sources; the transgenics displayed a yellow–green color under normal daylight or white room light conditions, a strong green-glowing fluores-cence under ultraviolet light, and a cyan-like fluorescence under blue light from a light-emitting diode.