Estimating Sound Seeds per Cone in White Spruce

White spruce cones were collected near Petawawa, Sudbury, and Oakville, Ontario during the 1982 and 1984 crop years. Cones were used to examine several regression models for estimating the number of sound seeds per cone as a function of seeds per cone section, cone length, and/or diameter. For the simplest models, using only one independent variable, highest coefficients of determination (R 2 ) were found with sound seed per section. A multiple regression model, including all three independent variables and their interactions, was identified. It provided higher coefficients of determination than the model using sound seed per cone section as a single independent variable but did not provide much more precision for estimating sound seeds per cone. Regressions were specific for locations and crop years.