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A branch and stem canker disease of white and Norway spruce was investigated in southern Ontario. The disease was found to be associated with the occurrence of Valsa Kunzei var. picea, a wound parasite commonly occurring on spruce in central and eastern United States and Canada. A study of tree growth in relation to the development of stem cankers revealed that stem-cankered trees had been predisposed to the attack, as indicated by a sudden decrease in diameter growth one or more years in advance of the infection.The predisposing factor is believed to be drought, which weakens trees with a poorly developed root system, thus causing the reduced diameter growth and permitting fungus infection of the main stem and the later developmnet of stem cankers.Spruce grown on sites with a continuous supply of aerated soil water will not be affected by the disease if crowding of trees in the stand is avoided.

BRANCH AND STEM CANKERS OF WHITE AND NORWAY SPRUCES IN ONTARIO