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Background: Kigelia africana is a common component of the pharmacopeia's of multiple African groupings  which inhabit the areas in which it grows. Amongst these groups there is a myriad of medicinal uses in the treatment  of a wide variety of bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections, as well as in the treatment of cancers. This study  was undertaken to test K. africana fruit extracts for the ability to inhibit microbial and cancer cell growth, and thus  to validate traditional African medicinal usage of this plant in treating a variety of diseases. Materials and Methods:  K. africana fruit powder was extracted and tested for antimicrobial activity using modified disc diffusion and MIC  methods. Inhibitory activity against the gastrointestinal protozoal parasite Giardia duodenalis and against CaCo2  and HeLa cancer cell lines was evaluated using colorimetric cell proliferation assays. Toxicity was evaluated using  an Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: The methanol, water and ethyl acetate K. africana fruit extracts  displayed potent antibacterial activity. The methanol and water extracts displayed the broadest specificity, inhibiting  the growth of 12 of the 18 bacteria tested (67 %) and 11 of the 18 bacteria tested (61 %) respectively. The ethyl  acetate extract also displayed antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of 4 (22 %) of the 18 bacteria tested. These  extracts were approximately equally effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, generally inhibiting  the growth of 60-70 % of the bacteria tested. The methanol, water and ethyl acetate extracts also displayed broad  spectrum antifungal activity, each inhibiting the growth of 3 of the 4 fungal species tested (75 %), including an  ampicillin strain of A. niger. The methanol, water and ethyl acetate extracts also inhibited between 55 and 70 %  of the growth of the gastrointestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis. These extracts also proved effective at blocking  the proliferation of the colorectal cancer cell line CaCo2 to between 37 and 55 % of the untreated cell growth. The  methanol extract also inhibited HeLa cervical cancer cell growth, albeit to a lesser extent (81 % of the untreated  control growth), whilst the chloroform and hexane extracts stimulated HeLa cell proliferation. With the exception of  the water extract, all extracts were non-toxic or of low toxicity. Conclusion: These studies validate traditional African  therapeutic usage of K. africana in the treatment of several bacterial, fungal and protozoal illnesses and some cancers.Full Tex

An examination of the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-Giardial and anticancer properties of Kigelia africana fruit extracts