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O presente artigo tem como objetivo delinear, em linhas gerais, a trajetoria de organizacao escolar brasileira entre a segunda metade do seculo XIX e as primeiras decadas do seculo XX. Retomamos as diversas acoes empreendidas pelo Governo Imperial no intuito de combater a precariedade do sistema educacional, bem como as alternativas levantadas na Primeira Republica no sentido de atacar o elevado indice de analfabetismo do “grosso” da populacao. Procuramos, entre os anos 1850 e 1920, discutir as “inovacoes” que foram sendo introduzidas na educacao brasileira, assim como os debates sobre os tipos de disciplinas (castigos fisicos e imposicoes morais) a serem testadas nas escolas. Problematizamos, igualmente, a relacao existente entre os novos metodos de alfabetizacao e o surgimento de um sentimento de nacionalidade. Educational projects for a Brazil-nation: a reflection on the Brazilian education in the transition process of empire-first republic (1850-1930). This article aims to approach, in general, the trajectory of Brazilian educational organization between the second half of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. We resumed the various actions taken by the Imperial Government in order to combat the precariousness of the educational system as well as the alternatives raised in the First Republic to attack the high illiteracy rate of “bulk” of the population. We seek, between the years 1850 and 1920, to discuss the “innovations” that have been introduced in Brazilian education, as well as dialogues on the type of discipline (corporal punishment and moral impositions) to be tested in schools, arguing also on the ratio of literacy methods and the emergence of a sense of nationhood. Keywords: Education, Brazil, Imperial Government, First Republic, Literacy.

Projetos educacionais para um Brasil-nação: uma reflexão sobre a educação brasileira no processo de transição Império-Primeira República (1850-1930)