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FUNÇÃO DENSIDADE DE PROBABILIDADE APLICÁVEL À CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL
Author(s) -
Eduardo Quadros da Silva,
Sylvio Péllico Netto,
Sebastião do Amaral Machado,
Carlos Roberto Sanquetta
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
floresta
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.386
H-Index - 13
eISSN - 1982-4688
pISSN - 0015-3826
DOI - 10.5380/rf.v33i3.2262
Subject(s) - mathematics , humanities , philosophy
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar novas opcoes para o ajuste de distribuicoes de probabilidades que sao utilizadas na Ciencia Florestal. Alguns modelos continuos apresentam certas distorcoes ao serem implementados no calculo com dados oriundos de florestas naturais devido a grande variabilidade que se encontra nessas situacoes. Esse fato foi constatado principalmente quando se estudou a variavel altura. Embora o modelo tenha sido construido com dados de alturas de florestas naturais, as formulas desenvolvidas poderao ser aplicadas para outras grandezas, principalmente se o grafico apresentar assimetria, o que afasta a possibilidade de estudo por meio da distribuicao normal. Neste estudo procurou-se mostrar que o modelo e adaptavel tambem a dados de diâmetro e situacoes onde ha simetria. Para a realizacao do trabalho inicialmente foram estudadas maneiras de modelar uma funcao matematica que pudesse ser transformada em funcao densidade de probabilidade. A funcao deveria assumir somente valores positivos, ser continua e sua integral, considerando todo o intervalo real, deveria convergir para um. Foram feitas varias tentativas com funcoes matematicas que, apesar de atenderem as condicoes de uma funcao densidade de probabilidade, nao eram suficientemente flexiveis para se adaptar as caracteristicas dos dados de uma floresta natural. Finalmente chegou-se a uma funcao que e definida por tres sentencas, formada por um polinomio de grau n, uma curva crescente e uma curva decrescente positiva tendendo a zero com integral convergente no infinito. O polinomio explicou a maior parte dos dados e, para as classes onde este nao produziu bom ajuste, foram elaboradas outras duas funcoes. Para os testes iniciais foram utilizados dados de alturas de Jequitiba-Rosa (Cariniana legalis), provenientes da Fazenda Reata, situada no municipio de Cassia, Minas Gerais. Para testar a aplicabilidade em outras situacoes procurou-se ajustar o modelo a dados de diâmetros e, apos a aplicacao do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, os resultados mostraram-se satisfatorios. PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION APPLICABLE TO FORESTRY Abstract The main objective of this research was to introduce new options for the fitting of probability distributions used in Forestry. Some continuous probability distributions present certain distortion when used in calculus with data from natural forests due to the high variability in such situations. This fact was especially noticed in studies of the variable height. Although the object of the study was natural forest’s height data, the developed formulas may be applied for other variables as well, especially if the resulted distribution is asymmetric which prevents the study to be made by the normal distribution curve. Before the study could be carried out, we did some work to model a mathematical function that could be changed into probability density function, that is, the functional values had to be positive, the function should be continuous, and its integral – considering the whole real interval – had to converge to one. Several attempts were made with mathematical functions that fulfilled the requirements of probability density function, but none was flexible enough to suit the data of a natural forest. Finally, a function was obtained which was defined by several sentences, formed by an n-polynomial, preferably a 5 degree increasing curve, a positive decreasing curve tending to zero, and the integral converging to the infinite. The polynomial explains most of the data; for the cases in which it fails to produce a good fitting, two other functions were created. The species used at first was Jequitiba-Rosa (Cariniana legalis), whose data came from a farm located in the municipality of Cassia, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The total frequency observed for Jequitiba-Rosa, which was 493, was explained by the model with 492.9. The mean height achieved in the developed model 17.8 m is very close to the one that was calculated directly through observed data whose value is 18 m. An optimal adjustment was also achieved for the variance, leading to extending the research to other species and comparing the data obtained with other existing distributions.

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