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O artigo pretende analisar em que medida os modelos neoclassicos de crescimento economico  mais especificamente, o modelo de Solow (1956, 1957), o modelo de Mankiw, Romer e Weill (1992) e o modelo de Romer (1990)  sao capazes de explicar a divergencia global nos niveis de renda per capita nos ultimos dois seculos e a convergencia nos niveis de renda per capita e o catch-up ocorridos entre Europa e Estados Unidos no periodo do Pos Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com efeito, trata-se de uma confrontacao entre teoria e pratica, de modo a analisar de que forma tais modelos explicam (ou nao) os fatos supramencionados. No trabalho, demonstra-se que a ocorrencia dos fatos anteriormente mencionados deveu-se fundamentalmente as diferencas do progresso tecnico existente entre as economias (no caso da divergencia) e a reducao de tais disparidades entre os Estados Unidos e a Europa no periodo de tempo imediatamente apos a 2.a Guerra Mundial (no caso da convergencia e do catch-up). Na verdade, tenta-se demonstrar que os modelos apresentados nao conseguem explicar satisfatoriamente os fatos ocorridos, sendo validos apenas em casos especificos. O que o artigo se propoe a expor e que a realidade do crescimento economico mundial e bastante diferente das conclusoes dos modelos neoclassicos considerados. Abstract This work intends to analyze in which way the neoclassical growth models  more specifically, Solow (1956, 1957), Mankiw, Romer and Weill (1992) and Romer (1990)  are capable to explain the global divergence on the levels of per capita income over the last two centuries and the convergence on the levels of per capita income and the catch-up occurred between Europe and the United States after World War II. In fact, it is a confrontation between theory and practice, in order to view in which way these models explain (or not) the above-mentioned facts. During the present work, we demonstrate that the occurrence of these facts were mainly caused by differences on technological progress between economies (case of divergence) and the reduction of such disparities between the United States and Europe on the period of time immediately after World War II (case of convergence and catch-up). In fact, we try to demonstrate that these models are incapable to give a satisfactory explanation to the occurred facts, being only valid on specific cases. The work tries to propose that the reality of global economic growth differs considerably from the conclusions of the considered neoclassical growth models.

CONVERGÊNCIA E DIVERGÊNCIA NOS NÍVEIS DE RENDA PER CAPITA: UMA CRÍTICA À APLICABILIDADE DOS MODELOS NEOCLÁSSICOS DE CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO