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Este artigo trata do processo de feminilizacao das acoes de socorro, protecao e assistencia aos pobres e a outras categorias de pessoas em situacao de fragilidade, desamparo e abandono. A organizacao dos cuidados com os chamados desafortunados tem sido historicamente uma acao dispensada pelos poderosos, associada a sua capacidade de prover e de socorrer aqueles que batiam as suas portas pedindo abrigo temporario, viveres ou remedios para seus males, ou entao aos religiosos, de quem se esperava a caridade para com os sofredores de toda especie. Numa visao de mundo profundamente marcada pela religiao crista, o genero nao hierarquizava nem a dadiva, nem a caridade, associadas ao poder e ao prestigio das familias e da religiao, operando e adquirindo sentido no interior de uma logica simbolica do sangue, das familias e da esfera do sagrado. A bondade, portanto, adquiria sentido e significado numa ordem hierarquica mais estavel e intimamente relacionada as capacidades distributivas do poder patriarcal e religioso. O genero passou a desempenhar um papel importante nesta economia da dadiva quando os cuidados e o conjunto de acoes e de significados a eles associados foram ressignificados por novos discursos na modernidade, fundados numa reorganizacao dos espacos, dos sujeitos, das praticas sociais e dos valores e comportamentos. Desde meados do seculo XVIII e especialmente a partir do seculo XIX, observa-se a configuracao de espacos, de praticas e de sentimentos definidores de subjetividades consideradas femininas, associadas ao amplo terreno moral dos cuidados. Tal processo de generificacao dos cuidados se articula ao afastamento e posterior exclusao das mulheres dos espacos publicos, processo este que se configura nas sociedades ocidentais modernas. As mulheres das elites e das classes medias passaram a ser associadas as virtudes regeneradoras da ordem moral e social e a uma concepcao natural de bondade, altruismo e dedicacao aos necessitados, valores presentes tanto nas acoes de motivacao caritativa quanto na organizacao racionalizada da filantropia, na definicao e implementacao das politicas assistenciais e na organizacao das profissoes femininas criadas a partir da experiencia heterogenea dos cuidados. This article deals with the process of feminization of relief, protection and assistance actions to the poor and to other categories of people in situations of fragility, helplessness and abandonment. The organization of the care of the so called unfortunate has historically been an action given by the powerful, associated with their ability to provide and to assist those knocking at their doors asking for temporary shelter, food or medicines for their ailments, or by religious, from whom charity for sufferers of all kinds was expected. In a deeply marked by the Christian religion worldview, the gender did not prioritize gift nor charity, associated with the power and prestige of the families and religion, operating and acquiring sense within a symbolic logic of the blood, of the families and the sacred sphere. The goodness therefore acquired sense and meaning in a hierarchical order more stable and closely related to the distributive capabilities of patriarchal and religious power. The gender went on to play an important role in this economy of the gift when the care and the set of actions and of meanings associated with them were redefined by new discourses in modernity, founded on a reorganization of the spaces, subjects, social practices and values and behaviors. Since the mid-18th century and especially from the 19th century on there is a configuration of spaces, practices and subjectivities defining feelings considered feminine, associated with the broad moral field of care. Such gendering process of care articulates the removal and subsequent exclusion of women from public spaces, this process represented in modern Western societies. The elite and middle class women began to be associated with the regenerative virtues of moral and social order and with a natural conception of goodness, unselfishness and dedication to those in need, values present in the charitable motivation actions, in rationalized organization of philanthropy, in the definition and implementation of assistance policies and in the organization of professions for women created from the heterogeneous care experience.

BONDADE, SUBSTANTIVO FEMININO: ESBOÇO PARA UMA HISTÓRIA DA BENEVOLÊNCIA E DA FEMINILIZAÇÃO DA BONDADE